Tobacco cessation outcomes in a cohort of patients attending a chest medicine outpatient clinic in Bangalore city, southern India

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Nicotine dependence is a widely prevalent and harmful chronic addictive disorder. Quitting tobacco use is however, uncommon in India. We present long-term treatment outcomes of out-patient, tobacco cessation treatments from a specialty clinic setting in southern India. METHODS Patients seen in a tobacco cessation clinic were characterized for tobacco use, nicotine dependence and motivation for quitting and offered pharmacologic/non-pharmacologic treatment. They were subsequently contacted telephonically at a mean (±standard deviation) of 24 (±9.1) months to assess tobacco cessation outcome defined as 'point prevalence of 1-month abstinence' by self-reporting. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 48.0 ±14.0 yr. Tobacco use distribution was: beedis only (22%), cigarettes only (49%), beedis and cigarettes (18%), chewing only (2%), and smoking and chewing (9%). Two-thirds had high level of nicotine dependence. Of the 189 patients enrolled, only 15 per cent attended follow up clinics. Only 106 (56%) patients were successfully contacted telephonically and 83 (44%) were lost to follow up. Self-reported point prevalence abstinence was 5 per cent by 'intent-to-treat' analysis and 10 per cent by 'responder' analysis. Two clinical parameters - high level of nicotine dependence [estimated by the heaviness of smoking index (HSI)] and the absence of vascular or other chronic disease were found to be associated with successful quitting; these were however, not significant on multivariate analysis. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified low quit-rates in a cohort of patients attending a hospital-based tobacco cessation clinic. In the absence of clear-cut predictors of cessation with low quit-rates, there should be continued efforts to improve cessation outcomes and identify predictors for action.